@prefix dc: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix ns1: . @prefix ns2: . @prefix ns3: . @prefix ns4: . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix skos: . @prefix xsd: . ns2:IAO_0000112 a owl:AnnotationProperty . ns2:IAO_0000115 a owl:AnnotationProperty . ns2:IAO_0000116 a owl:AnnotationProperty . ns2:IAO_0000118 a owl:AnnotationProperty . ns2:IAO_0000119 a owl:AnnotationProperty . ns2:RO_0000079 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "function of"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists."@en ; rdfs:domain ns2:BFO_0000034 ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns2:RO_0000052 ; owl:inverseOf ns2:RO_0000085 . ns2:RO_0000080 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "quality of"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "this red color is a quality of this apple"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists."@en ; rdfs:domain [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( ns2:BFO_0000019 [ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf ns2:BFO_0000145 ] ) ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns2:RO_0000052 ; owl:inverseOf ns2:RO_0000086 . ns2:RO_0000081 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "role of"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "this investigator role is a role of this person"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists."@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns2:RO_0000052 ; owl:inverseOf ns2:RO_0000087 . dc:identifier a owl:AnnotationProperty . dcterms:bibliographicCitation a owl:AnnotationProperty . dcterms:conformsTo a owl:AnnotationProperty . dcterms:creator a owl:AnnotationProperty . dcterms:license a owl:AnnotationProperty . a owl:Ontology . ns3:coversRequirements a owl:AnnotationProperty . ns3:extractedFrom a owl:AnnotationProperty . ns3:hasComponent a owl:AnnotationProperty . ns3:hasConsequences a owl:AnnotationProperty . ns3:hasIntent a owl:AnnotationProperty . ns3:hasUnitTest a owl:AnnotationProperty . ns3:isSpecializationOf a owl:AnnotationProperty . ns3:reengineeredFrom a owl:AnnotationProperty . ns3:relatedCPs a owl:AnnotationProperty . ns3:scenarios a owl:AnnotationProperty . skos:altLabel a owl:AnnotationProperty . skos:definition a owl:AnnotationProperty . skos:example a owl:AnnotationProperty . a ns4:NFDI_0001037 ; rdfs:label "BCR425-280-1.LIS" ; ns2:BFO_0000050 ; ns4:NFDI_0001008 "https://hdl.handle.net/21.11152/253e0f2a-4d4a-4916-a45a-ef7cd8ad1f9b"^^xsd:anyURI . a owl:Ontology ; rdfs:label "fdos — NFDI-MatWerk ontology design pattern" ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation "Hossein Beygi Nasrabadi, Jörg Waitelonis, Ebrahim Norouzi, Kostiantyn Hubaiev, Harald Sack. NFDI MatWerk Ontology (mwo). Revision: v3.0.1. Retrieved from: http://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/mwo/3.0.1" ; dcterms:conformsTo ; dcterms:creator , , , ; dcterms:license "CC BY 4.0 (repository); CC0 1.0 declared in the ontology header" ; ns3:coversRequirements "What is the persistent identifier of a given FDO, and which dataset does it denote?", "Which FAIR Digital Objects has NFDI-MatWerk registered?" ; ns3:extractedFrom "the fdos tab of the NFDI-MatWerk curation workbook" ; ns3:hasConsequences "Values become reusable and independently addressable, and one value may be shared by many entities. The cost: every `I` reference resolves by label, so labels must be unique and a typo yields a silently missing relation rather than an error." ; ns3:hasIntent "To represent a digital object identifier in the MatWerk Knowledge Graph: its identity, the value nodes that describe it, and its links to the other entities the NFDI-MatWerk consortium records." ; ns3:hasUnitTest "SELECT ?x ?label WHERE { ?x a ; ?label } LIMIT 10" ; ns3:isSpecializationOf ; ns3:reengineeredFrom "ROBOT template directives, row 2 of the fdos tab" ; ns3:scenarios "“BCR425-280-1.LIS” is a digital object identifier, with part of dataset “BAM reference data: results of ASTM E139 -11 creep tests on a reference material of Nimonic 75 nickel-base alloy_v1.1”." ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:versionIRI ; owl:versionInfo "1.0.0" . ns4:NFDI_0001008 a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "has url", "has url"@en ; rdfs:comment "A relation between an information content entity and its specific url."@en ; rdfs:range xsd:anyURI . ns2:BFO_0000145 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "relational quality"@en ; dc:identifier "057-BFO" ; rdfs:subClassOf ns2:BFO_0000019 ; skos:definition "b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d"@en ; skos:example "A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another"@en . ns2:IAO_0000028 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "symbol"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "a serial number such as \"12324X\""@en, "a stop sign"@en, "a written proper name such as \"OBI\""@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change"@en, "2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/154)."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000119 "based on Oxford English Dictionary"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf ns2:IAO_0000030 . ns2:IAO_0000219 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "denotes"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance \"Alan\" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between \"Alan\" and the person that is being named."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 """2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r"""@en ; ns2:IAO_0000119 "Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan"@en ; rdfs:domain ns2:IAO_0000030 ; rdfs:range ns2:BFO_0000001 ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns2:IAO_0000136 ; owl:inverseOf ns2:IAO_0000235 . ns2:IAO_0000235 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "denoted by"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "inverse of the relation 'denotes'"@en ; rdfs:domain ns2:BFO_0000001 ; rdfs:range ns2:IAO_0000030 ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns4:NFDI_0000226 . ns2:IAO_0000300 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "textual entity"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "Words, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entities"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "AR, (IAO call 2009-09-01): a document as a whole is not typically a textual entity, because it has pictures in it - rather there are parts of it that are textual entities. Examples: The title, paragraph 2 sentence 7, etc."@en, "MC, 2009-09-14 (following IAO call 2009-09-01): textual entities live at the FRBR (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records) manifestation level. Everything is significant: line break, pdf and html versions of same document are different textual entities."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000118 "text"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf ns2:IAO_0000030 . ns2:IAO_0000577 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "centrally registered identifier symbol"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "The sentence \"The article has Pubmed ID 12345.\" contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "A symbol that is part of a CRID and that is sufficient to look up a record from the CRID's registry."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000118 "CRID symbol" ; ns2:IAO_0000119 "Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns2:BFO_0000050 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns2:IAO_0000578 ], ns2:IAO_0000028 . ns2:IAO_0000579 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "centrally registered identifier registry"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "PubMed is a CRID registry. It has a code set of PubMed identifiers associated with journal articles. "@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "A code set of CRID records, each consisting of a CRID symbol and additional information which was recorded in the code set through an assigning a centrally registered identifier process."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000118 "CRID registry" ; ns2:IAO_0000119 "Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf ns2:IAO_0020020 . ns2:IAO_0020020 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "code set"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "An information content entity that is a collection of other information content entities that has been created to identify or annotate things in a specified domain, and where the intention of its creators is that the collection has a one-to-one correspondence with those things."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000118 "code map"@en, "code system"@en, "codeset"@en, "coding system"@en, "controlled vocabulary"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns2:BFO_0000051 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns2:IAO_0020000 ], ns2:IAO_0000030 . ns2:RO_0000091 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has disposition"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ; rdfs:domain ns2:BFO_0000004 ; rdfs:range ns2:BFO_0000016 ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns2:RO_0000053 ; owl:inverseOf ns2:RO_0000092 . ns2:RO_0000092 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "disposition of"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "inverse of has disposition" ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns2:RO_0000052 . a ns4:NFDI_0001019 ; rdfs:label "BAM reference data: results of ASTM E139 -11 creep tests on a reference material of Nimonic 75 nickel-base alloy_v1.1" . ns4:NFDI_0001019 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "title", "title"@en ; rdfs:comment "A textual entity that denotes some resource."@en ; rdfs:subClassOf ns2:IAO_0000300 . ns4:NFDI_0001037 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "digital object identifier", "digital object identifier"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000118 "DOI" ; rdfs:comment "A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a centrally registered identifier that provides a unique, persistent reference to digital objects such as publications, datasets, and software, ensuring reliable access and citation." ; rdfs:subClassOf ns2:IAO_0000578 ; skos:example "10.1016/j.compind.2023.104016" . rdfs:label "Harald Sack" . rdfs:label "Jörg Waitelonis" . rdfs:label "Ebrahim Norouzi" . rdfs:label "Hossein Beygi Nasrabadi" . ns2:IAO_0000136 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is about"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "This document is about information artifacts and their representations"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 """7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic."""@en ; ns2:IAO_0000119 "Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy"@en ; rdfs:domain ns2:IAO_0000030 ; owl:inverseOf ns4:NFDI_0000226 . ns2:IAO_0000578 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "centrally registered identifier"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "The sentence \"The article has Pubmed ID 12345.\" contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "An information content entity that consists of a CRID symbol and additional information about the CRID registry to which it belongs."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "2014-05-05: In defining this term we take no position on what the CRID denotes. In particular do not assume it denotes a *record* in the CRID registry (since the registry might not have 'records')."@en, "Alan, IAO call 20101124: potentially the CRID denotes the instance it was associated with during creation."@en, "Note, IAO call 20101124: URIs are not always CRID, as not centrally registered. We acknowledge that CRID is a subset of a larger identifier class, but this subset fulfills our current needs. OBI PURLs are CRID as they are registered with OCLC. UPCs (Universal Product Codes from AC Nielsen)are not CRID as they are not centrally registered."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000118 "CRID" ; ns2:IAO_0000119 "Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns2:BFO_0000051 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns2:IAO_0000577 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns2:BFO_0000051 ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns2:IAO_0000219 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns2:IAO_0000579 ] ], ns2:IAO_0020000 . ns2:IAO_0020000 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "identifier"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000118 "proper name"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf ns2:IAO_0000030 . ns2:RO_0000085 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has function"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists."@en ; rdfs:domain ns2:BFO_0000004 ; rdfs:range ns2:BFO_0000034 ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns2:RO_0000053 . ns2:RO_0000086 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has quality"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "this apple has quality this red color"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist."@en ; rdfs:range ns2:BFO_0000019 ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns2:RO_0000053 . ns2:RO_0000087 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has role"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists."@en ; rdfs:domain ns2:BFO_0000004 ; rdfs:range ns2:BFO_0000023 ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns2:RO_0000053 . ns4:NFDI_0000226 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "is subject of"@en ; rdfs:comment "inverse of the relation 'is about'" ; skos:altLabel "is described by" . ns2:BFO_0000016 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "disposition"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y"@en, "certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer"@en, "children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways."@en, "the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type."@en ; dc:identifier "062-BFO" ; rdfs:subClassOf ns2:BFO_0000017 ; owl:disjointWith ns2:BFO_0000023 ; skos:altLabel "internally-grounded realizable entity"@en ; skos:definition "(Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up"@en ; skos:example "An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways"@en . ns2:BFO_0000017 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "realizable entity"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity."@en, "the disposition of your blood to coagulate"@en, "the function of your reproductive organs"@en, "the role of being a doctor"@en, "the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances."@en ; dc:identifier "058-BFO" ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom ns2:BFO_0000017 ; owl:onProperty ns2:BFO_0000050 ], ns2:BFO_0000020 ; owl:disjointWith ns2:BFO_0000019 ; skos:definition "(Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type"@en ; skos:example "The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity"@en . ns2:BFO_0000023 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "role"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married."@en, "the priest role"@en, "the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories"@en, "the role of a building in serving as a military target"@en, "the role of a stone in marking a property boundary"@en, "the role of subject in a clinical trial"@en, "the student role"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives."@en ; dc:identifier "061-BFO" ; rdfs:subClassOf ns2:BFO_0000017 ; skos:altLabel "externally-grounded realizable entity"@en ; skos:definition "(Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed"@en ; skos:example "The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target"@en . ns2:BFO_0000034 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "function"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "the function of a hammer to drive in nails"@en, "the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity"@en, "the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc."@en ; dc:identifier "064-BFO" ; rdfs:subClassOf ns2:BFO_0000016 ; skos:definition "(Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort"@en ; skos:example "The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity"@en . ns2:BFO_0000001 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "entity"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "Julius Caesar"@en, "Verdi’s Requiem"@en, "the Second World War"@en, "your body mass index"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81"@en ; dc:identifier "001-BFO" ; skos:definition "(Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist"@en ; skos:example "Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem"@en . ns2:BFO_0000002 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "continuant"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240"@en ; dc:identifier "008-BFO" ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom ns2:BFO_0000002 ; owl:onProperty ns2:BFO_0000050 ], ns2:BFO_0000001 ; skos:definition "(Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity"@en ; skos:example "A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature"@en . ns2:RO_0000052 a owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "characteristic of"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "this fragility is a characteristic of this vase"@en, "this red color is a characteristic of this apple"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence."@en ; owl:inverseOf ns2:RO_0000053 . ns2:BFO_0000004 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "independent continuant"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "a chair"@en, "a heart"@en, "a leg"@en, "a molecule"@en, "a spatial region"@en, "an atom"@en, "an orchestra."@en, "an organism"@en, "the bottom right portion of a human torso"@en, "the interior of your mouth"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])"@en ; dc:identifier "017-BFO" ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom ns2:BFO_0000004 ; owl:onProperty ns2:BFO_0000050 ], ns2:BFO_0000002 ; owl:disjointWith ns2:BFO_0000020, ns2:BFO_0000031 ; skos:definition "b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c"@en ; skos:example "An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra"@en . ns2:BFO_0000031 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "generically dependent continuant"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity."@en, "the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop"@en, "the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])"@en ; dc:identifier "074-BFO" ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom ns2:BFO_0000031 ; owl:onProperty ns2:BFO_0000050 ], ns2:BFO_0000002 ; skos:altLabel "g-dependent continuant"@en ; skos:definition "(Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share"@en ; skos:example "The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint"@en . ns2:BFO_0000051 a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:label "has part"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)"@en, "my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)"@en, "this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "a core relation that holds between a whole and its part"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part."@en, "Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/"@en, """Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'."""@en ; ns2:IAO_0000118 "has_part"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns2:BFO_0000051 . ns2:BFO_0000019 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "quality"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "the ambient temperature of this portion of air"@en, "the color of a tomato"@en, "the length of the circumference of your waist"@en, "the mass of this piece of gold."@en, "the shape of your nose"@en, "the shape of your nostril"@en ; dc:identifier "055-BFO" ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom ns2:BFO_0000019 ; owl:onProperty ns2:BFO_0000050 ], ns2:BFO_0000020 ; skos:definition "(Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized"@en ; skos:example "The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold"@en . ns2:BFO_0000020 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "specifically dependent continuant"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key"@en, "of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato"@en, "of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates."@en, "the disposition of this fish to decay"@en, "the function of this heart: to pump blood"@en, "the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79"@en, "the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction"@en, "the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center"@en, "the role of being a doctor"@en, "the shape of this hole."@en, "the smell of this portion of mozzarella"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])"@en ; dc:identifier "050-BFO" ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom ns2:BFO_0000020 ; owl:onProperty ns2:BFO_0000050 ], ns2:BFO_0000002 ; owl:disjointWith ns2:BFO_0000031 ; skos:definition "b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c"@en ; skos:example "(with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates"@en, "(with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole"@en . ns2:BFO_0000050 a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:label "part of", "part of"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)"@en, "my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)"@en, "this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "a core relation that holds between a part and its whole"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other."@en, "Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/"@en, """Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'."""@en ; ns2:IAO_0000118 "part_of"@en ; owl:inverseOf ns2:BFO_0000051 . ns2:IAO_0000030 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "information content entity", "information content entity"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.", "Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "An information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some artifact and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity.", "A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing."@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "2014-03-10: The use of \"thing\" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ)."@en, """information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity."""@en ; ns2:IAO_0000119 "IAO", "OBI_0000142"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns2:IAO_0000136 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns2:BFO_0000001 ], ns2:BFO_0000031 . a ns1:Variable . ns2:RO_0000053 a owl:InverseFunctionalProperty, owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "has characteristic"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000112 "this apple is bearer of this red color"@en, "this vase is bearer of this fragility"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000115 "Inverse of characteristic_of"@en ; ns2:IAO_0000116 "A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist."@en ; rdfs:range ns2:BFO_0000020 . a ns1:Variable . [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( ns2:BFO_0000004 ns2:BFO_0000020 ns2:BFO_0000031 ) . [] a ns1:Imp ; ns1:body [ a ns1:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a ns1:IndividualPropertyAtom ; ns1:argument1 ; ns1:argument2 ; ns1:propertyPredicate ns2:RO_0000053 ] ; rdf:rest [ a ns1:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a ns1:ClassAtom ; ns1:argument1 ; ns1:classPredicate ns2:BFO_0000016 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; ns1:head [ a ns1:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a ns1:IndividualPropertyAtom ; ns1:argument1 ; ns1:argument2 ; ns1:propertyPredicate ns2:RO_0000091 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . [] a ns1:Imp ; ns1:body [ a ns1:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a ns1:IndividualPropertyAtom ; ns1:argument1 ; ns1:argument2 ; ns1:propertyPredicate ns2:RO_0000053 ] ; rdf:rest [ a ns1:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a ns1:ClassAtom ; ns1:argument1 ; ns1:classPredicate ns2:BFO_0000019 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; ns1:head [ a ns1:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a ns1:IndividualPropertyAtom ; ns1:argument1 ; ns1:argument2 ; ns1:propertyPredicate ns2:RO_0000086 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . [] a ns1:Imp ; ns1:body [ a ns1:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a ns1:IndividualPropertyAtom ; ns1:argument1 ; ns1:argument2 ; ns1:propertyPredicate ns2:RO_0000053 ] ; rdf:rest [ a ns1:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a ns1:ClassAtom ; ns1:argument1 ; ns1:classPredicate ns2:BFO_0000023 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; ns1:head [ a ns1:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a ns1:IndividualPropertyAtom ; ns1:argument1 ; ns1:argument2 ; ns1:propertyPredicate ns2:RO_0000087 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . [] a ns1:Imp ; ns1:body [ a ns1:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a ns1:IndividualPropertyAtom ; ns1:argument1 ; ns1:argument2 ; ns1:propertyPredicate ns2:RO_0000053 ] ; rdf:rest [ a ns1:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a ns1:ClassAtom ; ns1:argument1 ; ns1:classPredicate ns2:BFO_0000034 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; ns1:head [ a ns1:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a ns1:IndividualPropertyAtom ; ns1:argument1 ; ns1:argument2 ; ns1:propertyPredicate ns2:RO_0000085 ] ; rdf:rest () ] .